Chronological list of events in the Hundred Years War, military and civil
Year Month Day Event
1421
Jan. 6 Henry V and Catherine spend Epiphany at Rouen, demanding more money from the Norman Estates.
End of Jan. Henry V and Catherine travel to Calais, and thence to Dover, where they are greeted with near hysterical joy.
Feb. 23 Catherine de Valois is crowned Queen of England by the Archbishop of Canterbury. They proceed on progress, visiting St. Albans, Bristol, through Herefordshire to Shrewsbury, to York and Lincoln in the North, and Norwich and King's Lynn in East Anglia.
Mar. 22 Duke Clarence, against the advice of Sir Gilbert Umfraville (Henry's Marshal of France) and the Earl of Huntingdon, set's off from his dinner, without his archers, and attacks an Armagnac army at Baugé in which Henry V's brother, duke of Clarence, was killed. The Armangacs, along with some Scotsmen under the Earls of Buchan and Wigtown, counter charge, and the English are defeated. Duke Clarence is slain, along with Umfraville and de Roos, the Earls of Huntingdon and Somerset are captured. The Earl of Salisbury, who was bringing up the rear, rescues what survivors there are, and recovers Clarence's body.
The Dauphin Charles makes the Earl of Buchan the Constable of France.
Apr. Henry V receives the news of the defeat and death of Duke Clarence.
May Parliament, meeting at Westminster, votes a tax of a fifteenth, together with a tenth from the clergy.
Jun. Henry V lands at Calais with 4,000 troops, and marches to Paris to relieve the Duke of Exeter. He takes Dreaux, marches south into the Beauce and takes Vendome and Beaugency, then camps for three days before Orleans. He can't take it with his army, so he decamps, and marches north taking Villeneuve-le-Roy and Rougemont, where he hangs the entire garrison and destroys the buildings.
Aug. 31 A Burgundian force defeated French at Mons-en-Vimeu, in which Jean Ponton de Xaintrailles and Etienne de Vignolles, le Bourg de la Hire, were captured.
Oct. Henry V lays siege to Meaux. During a long siege a sixteenth part of the English army died of disease. Henry himself falls ill, and doctors are sent for from England.
Dec. 6 Queen Catherine bears a son, the future Henry VI, at Windsor.
1422
1422-29 Bedford gradually expanded English holdings in France, and Maine was added to Normandy as an English possession. .
Mar. 9 The town of Meaux surrenders to Henry V. The garrison withdraws into the Market, a fortified suburb, and holds out.
May. 10 The garrison of Meaux surrenders to Henry V. The commander, the Bastard of Varus, is hanged. Henry V returns to Paris, gravely ill.
Aug. 10 On route to Cosne-sur-Loire Henry V finds himself unable to ride. He is transported by horse litter to Vincennes, which he reaches on 10 August. Feeling himself dying, he appoints his brother John, Duke of Bedford, as provisional Regent of France (provided that Philippe de Bourgogne does not want it) and guardian of the young Henry VI, and makes Gloucester the Regent of England.
Aug. 31 Henry V, king of England, dies at Vincennes, at the age of 35. Henry V's brother, duke John of Bedford became the English regent in France and tried to establish Henry V's ten-month old son on the French throne.
Oct. Charles VI dies, many French nobles recognize son of Charles VI as real French king (Charles VII.)
1423
English release King James I of Scotland.
Yolande, duchess d'Anjou returned (after four years in Provence) to the court of Charles VII, and began to exert her influence.
Anglo-Burgundian forces take Le Crotoy
The Duke of Norfolk and Jean de Luxembourg defeat Poton de Xaintrailles.
Apr. John, Duke of Bedford, Philippe, Duc de Bourgogne, and Jean Duc de Bretagne meet in Amiens and sign a treaty of 'brotherhood and union for as long as we live' and pledging to work towards the Dauphin's final overthrow. De Bourgogne and de Bretagne make a side agreement to remain friends if either should abandon Bedford.
May. John, Duke of Bedford and Regent of France, marries Anne, the sister of Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne. It is a purely political match which turns into a notably happy marriage.
July. 29 The Earl of Salisbury defeats a Dauphinist army at The Battle of Cravant.
1424
The Earl of Suffolk retakes Ivry.
Duke Humphrey of Gloucester, Protector of England, invades Hainault, Holland, and Zeeland, which he claim by right of having married the Countess, with 5,000 men. The expidition is a complete failure, and Humphrey returns to England, having suceeded in only one thing, thouroughly angering Philippe de Bourgogne, who wanted those territories for himself.
Aug. 14 Dauphinist forces under the Duke d'Alençon, the Comte d'Aumale and the Viscomte de Narbonne capture Verneuil by the ruse of having their Scots allies pose as English prisoners.
Aug. 17 The Battle of Verneuil The Duke of Bedford and the Earl of Salisbury win a hard battle with the Dauphinist forces outside the city, inflicting heavy casualties on the Scots contingent of the enemy. The Scot Earl of Buchan, was killed. Archibald, the Earl of Douglas, and James, the Earl of Mar are slain, along with the Viscomte de Narbonne. The Duc d'Alençon and the Marshall Lafayette are captured.
Humphrey of Gloucester tries to raise the London mob against Henry Beaufort, who is Chancellor of England.
1425
Mar. 7 Charles VII awarded the Breton, Arthur de Richemont, the position of constable.
Oct. Henry Beaufort writes to the Duke of Bedford, telling him England is on the brink of civil war as a result of Humphrey of Gloucester's actions, and asking to come to England as quickly as possible.
Dec. The Duke of Bedford arrives in England to mediate the dispute between Beaufort and Gloucester.
He also tries, with limited success, to raise money for further expeditions in France.
1426 Holland becomes center of European music.
Richard Beauchamp is made 'Captain and Lieutenant-General of the King and Regent in the Field'.
Jean, Duc de Bretagne, signs a treaty with the Dauphin at Saumer, while his brother, with a mixed force of Bretons and Scots had taken Ponterson, massacering the garrison.
1427
Richemont's brother, Jean V, duc de Brittany, signed a treaty with Henry V, resulting in Richemont's banishment from the French court.
Mar. The Duke of Bedford returns to France, having been reasonably successful at reconciling Beaufort and Gloucester. He is accompanied by Lord Talbot, and bringing 300 men at arms and 900 archers and a new artillery train.
Apr. Lord Warwick recaptures Ponterson.
Spring 1,900 fresh troops arrive from England to reinforce the Duke of Bedford.
Jun. The Duke of Bedford and his wife visit with the Duc de Bourgogne at Arras. Bedford had put a stop to a new English expedition to Hainault, and arranged a truce between Gloucester and de Bourgogne, whereby Gloucester , having gotten an Papal bull declaring their marriage invalid, abandoned Jacqueline of Hainault and his claims to her lands. This restores the Anglo-Burgundian relationship, which had been strained.
Jul. 15 Lord Warwick, with 5,000 men and an impressive siege train, begins bombarding Montargis.
Jul. The Duke of Bedford sends the Earl of Salisbury to England to plead with the council for money. Eventually he ends up getting 24,000 pounds out of them, though some of that comes out of his own purse.
Sep. Jean, Duc de Bretagne reaffirms his allegiance to the Treaty of Troyes, thus restoring the triple alliance of England, Bourgogne and Bretagne.
Jean, le Batard d'Orleans is sent with La Hire to reinforce Montargis. He sends a messenger to the defenders with his plan of action, and appears before the besieging army. As the English rush to attack, the defenders open the sluice gates, washing away the bridge and cutting the army in two. Jean defeats the part of the army on his side of the river, and the defenders of Montargis sally out and attack the ones left behind. Warwick lost a thousand men, and the remainder fled, abandoning their artillery.
Sir John Fastolf and a small force are defeated at Ambrières, sparking a general revolt against English rule in Maine.
1428
Feb. 12 The Earl of Salisbury invests Orléans for siege.
* Jeanne d'Arc begins to lead French troops against the English.
Jun. The Duke of Bedford throws an enormous party (8,000 guests) at his Hotel des Tournelles in Paris.
The Earl of Salibury sails from Sandwich with 450 men-at-arms, 2,250 archers, 70 masons, carpenters and bowmakers, and a new artillery train.
Jul. The Earl of Salisbury arrives in Paris. Here he and the Duke of Bedford have a disagreement about their next objective. Salisbury wants to attack Orleans, the key to the Dauphinist heartland. Bedford feels that they should attack Angers, as that will solidify their control of Anjou, and enable them to link up with the southern territories. And attacking Orleans would be a breach of the rules of Chivalry, as the Duc d'Orleans is a captive in England.
Aug. Having prevailed in his argument with Bedford, the Earl of Salibury begins his offensive against Orleans, capturing over 40 towns in th region of Orleans, including Beaugency, Meung and Jargeau.
Charles the Dauphin makes a four-month truce with the duke of Burgundy in which he gives up the Burgundian cities that had recently surrendered to him.
Oct. 12 Siege of Orléans begun by the English. The English force is too small to encircle the walls fully, and there are more defenders (2,400 troops and 3,000 militia, under the command of the Seiur de Gaucort) than there are besiegers (The English numbers had fallen to 4,000, plus 150 men from the Duc de Bourgogne). Undeterred, Salisbury decides to assault the main bridge across the river.
Oct. 20 The Earl of Salisbury climbs up to the third story of the Tourelles, so survey Orléans. A bombard, set off as the story goes by a schoolboy, blows a hole in the tower, killing one of his officers and dislodging an iron bar which slices through Salisbury's visor and cuts away half his face.
Oct. 27 After a week of agony, the Earl of Salisbury dies, genuinely mourned by his men. Command goes to the Earl of Suffolk. Suffolk is a more unimaginative soldier, disinclined to take risks, and unlucky on top of that. He continues th siege in a lackadasical fashion, leaving a garrison at Tourelles, and retiring the bulk of the troops to winter quarters.
Dec. 1 Lord Talbot [i] and Lord Scales bring the troops back forward and circle Orléans with a series of 60 wooden earthworks. Even this is ineffective, as if fails to prevent the Bastard of Orléans along with La Hire, Poton de Xaintrailles and 500 fresh troops from reinforcing the city.
1429
Feb. 12 The Battle of Rouvray-Saint-Denis (the Battle of the Herrings). Sir John Fastolf, escorting supplies (Lenten food - lentils and herring) to Orléans with 500 English archers and 1,000 Parisian militia, is attacked. Having circled his wagons, Fastolf repulses the attack.
Mar. * Jehanne d'Arc is approved by church scholars in Poitiers and is given command of an army which she leads to Orléans.
Apr. The Duke of Bedford writes to the Council pleading for men. He is sent 100 men-at-arms. Withdrew his forces supporting the siege of Orléans.
Apr. 29 Several barges laden with supplies slip past the English (who were distracted by a mock assault on one of the earthworks) and enter Orléans.
Apr. 30 * Jehanne d'Arc, with a small escort, rides into Orléans.
May. 8 * Jehanne d'Arc lifts the siege of Orléans
Early to mid Jun. * Jehanne d'Arc takes Jargeau (11/12 June), Meung-sur-Loire, and Beaugency (16/17 June).
Jun. 18 At the Battle of Patay, the forces of Jeanne d'Arc and the constable de Richemont defeated English in open battle, and captured Talbot [i].
Jul. 17 The Dauphin Charles crowned and anointed king of France Charles VII at Rheims.
Aug. 16 Jeanne d'Arc was wounded leading a failed attack on Paris
Dec. 29 Charles VII ennobles Jehanne d'Arc and her family
1430
Jan. 8 Marriage of Philip the Good and Isabella of Portugal.
Modern English becomes a noticiable evolution of Middle English as common form of spoken English.
May. 23 * Jehanne d'Arc is captured by Burgundian forces at Compiègne, and subsequently sold to the English for 10,000 livres.
Dec. 25 * Jehanne d'Arc is placed in captivity in Rouen, where she remains through her trial